France Concludes Military Presence in Sahel with Final Base Handover in Chad

In a significant geopolitical shift, France has officially ended its military presence in Chad, marking the conclusion of its broader military footprint in the Sahel region. The transfer of the Kossei military base to Chadian authorities was formalized during a military ceremony in the capital, N’Djamena, as confirmed by the general staffs of both nations.

This development follows Chad’s abrupt decision in November to terminate military cooperation with France, leading to the gradual withdrawal of French forces beginning in late December. With the Kossei base handover, France has fully complied with the directives of the Chadian government, according to a statement from Chad’s high command.

Strategic Withdrawal Amid Changing Alliances

The departure from Chad represents the final step in France’s military disengagement from the Sahel, following forced withdrawals from Mali, Burkina Faso, and Niger—countries that have since aligned more closely with Russia. At its peak, France’s counterinsurgency effort, Operation Barkhane, deployed over 5,000 troops across the region, aimed at combating jihadist insurgencies. However, shifting political dynamics and successive military coups prompted a reevaluation of France’s role.

Chadian President Mahamat Idriss Deby Itno underscored this transformation, stating that military agreements with France had become “completely obsolete” given contemporary political and strategic realities. French troops had previously vacated their bases in Faya-Largeau on December 26 and Abeche on January 11, with Chadian authorities insisting on a non-negotiable withdrawal deadline of January 31.

Redefining France’s Military Strategy in Africa

France’s broader military posture in Africa is undergoing significant restructuring. Negotiations are underway for a phased withdrawal from Senegal by the end of 2025, while troop reductions are planned for bases in Côte d’Ivoire and Gabon. Meanwhile, France is reinforcing its military presence in Djibouti, where it maintains 1,500 troops, positioning the base as a strategic hub for future operations in Africa.

French President Emmanuel Macron, in a recent address, expressed frustration over the lack of acknowledgment for France’s decade-long military engagement in the region. However, the transition reflects a broader recalibration of France’s military and diplomatic strategy amid evolving geopolitical alliances in Africa.