Optimism in Alzheimer’s Research: New Drug Approval and Lifestyle Strategies to Reduce Risk

 Dublin, June 5, 2025, 10:01 AM IST – Renowned immunologist Professor Luke O’Neill has highlighted a wave of optimism in Alzheimer’s research, noting “such positivity” in the field following the European Medicines Agency’s (EMA) recent approval of a drug that slows the progression of the disease. The breakthrough medication, anticipated to be available in Ireland soon, marks a significant advancement in the fight against Alzheimer’s, the most common form of dementia, which affects memory and cognitive abilities severe enough to disrupt daily life. However, Professor O’Neill emphasizes that lifestyle changes remain a critical component in lowering the risk of developing this debilitating condition, aligning with findings from the Lancet Commission’s July 2024 report.

Alzheimer’s disease, primarily caused by protein deposits in the brain that lead to the death of brain cells, is influenced by a complex interplay of genetic, lifestyle, and environmental factors. The Lancet Commission’s report revealed that 45% of dementia cases could be prevented by addressing 14 modifiable lifestyle factors. Drawing from this research and his own expertise, Professor O’Neill shares evidence-based recommendations to reduce Alzheimer’s risk, offering practical steps that individuals can take to protect their cognitive health.

Lifestyle Recommendations to Lower Alzheimer’s Risk

1. Turn Off the GPS and Engage Your Brain
   Relying on tools like Google Maps may hinder cognitive activity, which is crucial for brain health. A December 2024 study in The BMJ found that taxi and ambulance drivers, who frequently engage in navigational and spatial processing, have the lowest rates of Alzheimer’s-related mortality, unlike drivers with predefined routes, such as airline pilots or bus drivers. Professor O’Neill advocates for activities that challenge the brain, such as learning a new language, solving puzzles, or navigating new areas manually, to reduce Alzheimer’s risk.
2. Combat Loneliness
   Social isolation is a significant risk factor for Alzheimer’s and dementia. “A big one is loneliness, that is a risk factor for developing Alzheimer’s and dementia,” Professor O’Neill told the Irish Mirror. “We have to mind older people, many older people get isolated, and with some encouragement, we can hopefully diminish the loneliness epidemic that’s there.” Encouraging social engagement among the elderly can help mitigate cognitive decline and improve overall well-being.
3. Monitor Hearing Health
   Research has established a strong link between hearing loss and increased dementia risk, with a 4% to 24% higher likelihood for every 10-dB decrease in hearing ability. “With a hearing aid, you can stave that off,” Professor O’Neill explained. “The big message that’s been given in the last while is if you are having trouble hearing, go and get a hearing aid because it’s a risk of getting Alzheimer’s.” Regular hearing checks are a proactive step to preserve cognitive function.
4. Manage Cholesterol Levels
   The Lancet Commission identified high LDL (“bad”) cholesterol as a risk factor for dementia. Routine blood tests at a GP office can monitor cholesterol levels, and a balanced diet low in saturated and trans fats—found in red meat, full-fat dairy, fried foods, and processed snacks—can help manage this risk. Adopting heart-healthy eating habits is a practical measure to support brain health.
5. Embrace Lifelong Learning
   Engaging in cognitive activities throughout life, such as learning a new language or skill, is associated with improved brain health. The Lancet Commission noted that individuals who did not complete secondary education face a higher Alzheimer’s risk, underscoring the protective effect of education and mental stimulation, even if pursued casually.
6. Stay Physically Active
   Physical activity is a cornerstone of dementia prevention, reducing chronic inflammation, improving blood flow, and boosting brain cell health. The World Health Organization recommends 150 to 300 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise weekly—such as brisk walking, cycling, swimming, or dancing—along with muscle-strengthening activities twice a week. Regular exercise offers a dual benefit for both physical and cognitive health.
7. Maintain a Healthy Weight
   Obesity, particularly central obesity measured by waist-to-hip ratio, is linked to a higher risk of cognitive impairment and dementia, according to an analysis in the National Library of Medicine involving over five million people. While BMI is not a definitive indicator, assessing body fat percentage or waist-to-hip ratio can guide individuals toward a healthier body composition, reducing Alzheimer’s risk.

A Dual Approach: Medical Advances and Prevention

The EMA’s approval of a disease-modifying drug for Alzheimer’s marks a turning point in treatment, offering hope to millions affected by the condition globally. However, Professor O’Neill’s emphasis on lifestyle interventions underscores the importance of a dual approach—combining medical advancements with proactive prevention. “These are things we can all do at decreasing our own risk of getting it, and they are very optimistic on that front,” he noted, highlighting the empowering potential of these lifestyle changes.

As the world continues to make strides in Alzheimer’s research, World Alzheimer’s Month in September 2025 will likely amplify these messages, encouraging individuals and communities to adopt healthier habits. On this day of June 5, 2025, the convergence of scientific progress and actionable lifestyle strategies offers a renewed sense of hope in the global effort to combat Alzheimer’s, ensuring a brighter future for aging populations worldwide.